Transnational Crimes in the Americas: Law, Policy and Institutions by Marshall B Lloyd

Author:Marshall B Lloyd [Lloyd, Marshall B]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International, Intergovernmental Organizations, Latin America, Political Science, History, Law, General
ISBN: 9781783088430
Google: 2117DwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 41098041
Publisher: Anthem Press
Published: 2018-10-30T00:00:00+00:00

F. Sustainability: An Institutional Response

There should be no doubt that sustainability permeates public policy developments taking place within international organizations. At the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20 Conference), two themes emerged that are identified with the dimensions of sustainable development—economic, social and environmental—as an overarching goal: creating a green economy,180 and creating an effective institutional framework of programs for sustainable development.181 Follow-up to the Rio+20 Conference, the UN General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in the Report of the Secretary-General on Mainstreaming of the Three Dimensions of Sustainable Development throughout the United Nations System outlines in broad terms how the dimensions of sustainable development are integrated into the work of the United Nations.182 Lacking specifics, the implication is that potential economic, social and environmental implications of policies and programs should at least be considered in decision-making at all levels.183 Consideration of these dimensions is essential in order to assess policies from a holistic approach related to sustainable development.184 Although discussions included a wide range of issues related to poverty, hunger, energy, water, land and ecosystems, transnational crime did not merit discussion at the Rio+20 Conference. What resulted from the Rio+20 Conference is the formation of the Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals.185 Presently in its early stages of development, the OWG is working on an agenda to establish goals in support of the Rio+20 Conference, and schedule discussions regarding conflict prevention, postconflict peace building and the promotion of durable peace, rule of law and governance,186 which ought to include sustainable, alternative development.

While the OWG’s present schedule does not specifically include or mention stakeholders’ involvement in projects related to transnational crimes, the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) is at work implementing ECOSOC resolutions on alternative development.187 Since 2009, the CND has sought to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative impact of alternative development and drug crop eradication programs in relation to the sustainability of illicit crop reduction and socioeconomic development pertaining to human development indicators reflective of the MDGs.188 The CND High-Level Segment is supportive of various alternative development strategies in place that relate to generating income, establishing small businesses and implementing environmental initiatives such as reforestation and soil restoration programs.189 Moreover, the CND recognizes the viability of sustainable, alternative development as a key component for reducing illicit drug production.190 Development-oriented policies and programs must be undertaken in accord with established international law, respect for sovereignty and the territorial integrity of states, human rights and MDGs.191 Clearly, alternative development policies are considered part of “a comprehensive approach to tackling the challenges that may be posed by the possible links between drug trafficking, corruption and different forms of organized crime and, in some cases, terrorism”192 within the UN organization.

Furthermore, the OAS Forty-Third General Assembly central theme, “Alternative Strategies for Combating Drugs,” expounds upon the mandate from the Sixth Summit of the Americas. Participants at the Summit acknowledge the need for new drug control measures that could reduce the violence and other negative consequences of prohibitionist policies.

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